THE HISTORY OF BREAD BREAD IN ANTIQUITYWe do not know when and where people began to eat bread. It is said that 6 to 7000 years ago appeared the first breads, but the phrase "I earn my bread" rather keep out of Egypt.
As described by Herodotus in Egypt the bread first became economic and social status, having been used as currency, and even to cover the salaries not only of simple peasants and senior state officials. Of course, there was class difference. Social plempa take bread from barley and nobles enjoyed bread from wheat flour. The Egyptians buried their dead with bread, to help posthumously ... feeding loved. The British Museum store a loaf, the age which is over 4,000 years.
The Greeks gave much to the art of baking, so why have improved the construction of furnaces and in the types of bread produced in the showcase even aromatic spices, to the point that they came to make 72 different types of bread. Adding milk, honey, sugar, bay leaves, depending on the final destination of bread, which determined the deity was to be offered. They were also the ones who founded the first public ovens and the first professional club bakers, setting official rules for night work. The hours of bakers was but what gave them the reputation of the rebels, and in their shops at night easily find shelter and used as a meeting place for ideological enemies of the state.
Bread connecting Athens with the Bosphorus in the 4th century. BC The development of trade relations between Athenian democracy and the Cimmerian Bosporus (North coast of the Black Sea) was the link Athens with this remote area of the Greek world. There is specific reference to a resolution of the time, stating that the privileges offered to the family of the commander of the Sea from Athens because of the development of this business. Also, Demosthenes says that the Athenians 410,000 medimnoi import wheat from the Black Sea, a quantity corresponding to half of their imports from different centers. The benefits gained by the Athenians from this trade were many, but the state of Cimmerian Bosporus knew a period of great prosperity at the same time, because of trade relations with Athens.
There were many critical historical periods during which the bread was associated with political, social and economic movements such as the spread and the building of the Roman Empire or the French Revolution, where the value of the regulated and the relationship of the popular masses with power. How far is the price of oil? Something like that.
In ancient Rome, however, the bread began to spread after the fall of the Perseus (the last King of Macedonia, son of Philip E) and thanks to the Greek slaves who rapidly spread the baking knowledge.
As described by Herodotus in Egypt the bread first became economic and social status, having been used as currency, and even to cover the salaries not only of simple peasants and senior state officials. Of course, there was class difference. Social plempa take bread from barley and nobles enjoyed bread from wheat flour. The Egyptians buried their dead with bread, to help posthumously ... feeding loved. The British Museum store a loaf, the age which is over 4,000 years.
The Greeks gave much to the art of baking, so why have improved the construction of furnaces and in the types of bread produced in the showcase even aromatic spices, to the point that they came to make 72 different types of bread. Adding milk, honey, sugar, bay leaves, depending on the final destination of bread, which determined the deity was to be offered. They were also the ones who founded the first public ovens and the first professional club bakers, setting official rules for night work. The hours of bakers was but what gave them the reputation of the rebels, and in their shops at night easily find shelter and used as a meeting place for ideological enemies of the state.
Bread connecting Athens with the Bosphorus in the 4th century. BC The development of trade relations between Athenian democracy and the Cimmerian Bosporus (North coast of the Black Sea) was the link Athens with this remote area of the Greek world. There is specific reference to a resolution of the time, stating that the privileges offered to the family of the commander of the Sea from Athens because of the development of this business. Also, Demosthenes says that the Athenians 410,000 medimnoi import wheat from the Black Sea, a quantity corresponding to half of their imports from different centers. The benefits gained by the Athenians from this trade were many, but the state of Cimmerian Bosporus knew a period of great prosperity at the same time, because of trade relations with Athens.
There were many critical historical periods during which the bread was associated with political, social and economic movements such as the spread and the building of the Roman Empire or the French Revolution, where the value of the regulated and the relationship of the popular masses with power. How far is the price of oil? Something like that.
In ancient Rome, however, the bread began to spread after the fall of the Perseus (the last King of Macedonia, son of Philip E) and thanks to the Greek slaves who rapidly spread the baking knowledge.
THE WHEAT AND THE BREAD IN THE BYZANTINE YEARS
All the Byzantines, fishermen and farmers, breeders and enthusiasts, regardless of where they lived and what were involved, were based on their diet bread. The first Christian centuries until its conquest by the Arabs (7th cent.) Granary of the empire was Egypt. The wheat gathered at the port of Alexandria and from there went to commercial ships in the large cities of the Empire, particularly Istanbul, which was stored in government warehouses. The primary danger to starve if the wheat is not reached in time. Hence the laws regulating the travel of the merchant navy, customs duties, storage and distribution of wheat was very strict.
After the 7th century when the Arabs conquered Egypt, Constantinople began to procure wheat from the plains of Thrace. After harvest, the farmers of the region brought their crops with carts in Raidestos, a town on the north coast of the Propontis.
"... Many carts arrive at the castle Redestou, loaded with wheat [...] and the sale is made without a hitch ..."
In the 11th century, the state attempted to control trade in wheat. To raise revenue, imposed a state monopoly. So, by order of Michael G. Logothetis Nikephoritzes founded in Raidestos a commercial station, a foundaka for traders in the region.
"... By imperial decree, ordered all the carts in the area who arrived laden wheat to gather there. And imposed a monopoly on this kind of necessary, forbidding anyone to buy wheat from anywhere outside the foundaka. So, could no longer anyone to deal freely with him to sell, though not made him one trader progresses to the next and then another, as old, when the sale was by kara ... "
History, 11th Century
In villages, people baked bread in the oven of their home. In the city, but most were buying bread from the bakery in the neighborhood.
"... The bakers are required to build stoves in safe places away from adjacent buildings to avoid fire from the greens, brushwood and burn the cards ..."
Eparch book, Perry bakers, 10th aionas.
Mount Athos, the monastery of Great Lavra, was the first year a monk responsible for kneading and baking bread.
"... Then, after a glorious celebration of the monastery, the monks are responsible for kneading bread, tired from the long vigil, did not come. Saint Athanasius instructed to keep the dough unfermented, because, supposedly, the monks did not need to eat. And so were fasted three days. Until those who had neglected their duty fell to his feet to ask forgiveness. And the Saint not only forgave, but understanding the effort required by this job, he invented a machine that rotates with oxen, to kneaded bread ... "
Life of St. Athanasius
Like today, so then it would get many kinds of bread:
The clean and silky bread called so, because that was flour in a thin silk screener strainer This bread bought by wealthy city because it was expensive. Also, eating the sick, because it was easily digestible.
The average loaf of bread was the second quality of wheat flour mixed with other grains.
The grimy bread was bread from barley or bran, which they ate only the very poor.
In one of his poems, the Ptochoprodromos complain because the abbot always ate soft bread, while the monks had to make do with bread from bran, the piteraton.
Apart from the fresh bread there and nuts, which lasted a long time. So were the main food of the army in time of the campaign and those who traveled many days to ship.
Once Thessaloniki danger of starvation. Invaders from the north had burned the surrounding fields and the harvest of that year that the residents had managed to save around town. Elsewhere Empire had spread that the Thessaloniki had already fallen - so it was not enough help from anywhere. Then filopolis and philanthropist Dimitrios appeared off the island, on board a merchant whose name was Stephen and carrying wheat from Egypt to Constantinople.
"Listen to me," he said. "Raise your left Armenia and sail to Thessaloniki as fast as you can."
With these words, Saint descended from the ship at sea, walking on the water, said to Stephen:
"Prevail. Follow me. "
So it happened. On the way Stephen and found other boats laden foods and persuaded the captains to follow him. Together they came to Thessalonica and saved her from starvation.
After the 7th century when the Arabs conquered Egypt, Constantinople began to procure wheat from the plains of Thrace. After harvest, the farmers of the region brought their crops with carts in Raidestos, a town on the north coast of the Propontis.
"... Many carts arrive at the castle Redestou, loaded with wheat [...] and the sale is made without a hitch ..."
In the 11th century, the state attempted to control trade in wheat. To raise revenue, imposed a state monopoly. So, by order of Michael G. Logothetis Nikephoritzes founded in Raidestos a commercial station, a foundaka for traders in the region.
"... By imperial decree, ordered all the carts in the area who arrived laden wheat to gather there. And imposed a monopoly on this kind of necessary, forbidding anyone to buy wheat from anywhere outside the foundaka. So, could no longer anyone to deal freely with him to sell, though not made him one trader progresses to the next and then another, as old, when the sale was by kara ... "
History, 11th Century
In villages, people baked bread in the oven of their home. In the city, but most were buying bread from the bakery in the neighborhood.
"... The bakers are required to build stoves in safe places away from adjacent buildings to avoid fire from the greens, brushwood and burn the cards ..."
Eparch book, Perry bakers, 10th aionas.
Mount Athos, the monastery of Great Lavra, was the first year a monk responsible for kneading and baking bread.
"... Then, after a glorious celebration of the monastery, the monks are responsible for kneading bread, tired from the long vigil, did not come. Saint Athanasius instructed to keep the dough unfermented, because, supposedly, the monks did not need to eat. And so were fasted three days. Until those who had neglected their duty fell to his feet to ask forgiveness. And the Saint not only forgave, but understanding the effort required by this job, he invented a machine that rotates with oxen, to kneaded bread ... "
Life of St. Athanasius
Like today, so then it would get many kinds of bread:
The clean and silky bread called so, because that was flour in a thin silk screener strainer This bread bought by wealthy city because it was expensive. Also, eating the sick, because it was easily digestible.
The average loaf of bread was the second quality of wheat flour mixed with other grains.
The grimy bread was bread from barley or bran, which they ate only the very poor.
In one of his poems, the Ptochoprodromos complain because the abbot always ate soft bread, while the monks had to make do with bread from bran, the piteraton.
Apart from the fresh bread there and nuts, which lasted a long time. So were the main food of the army in time of the campaign and those who traveled many days to ship.
Once Thessaloniki danger of starvation. Invaders from the north had burned the surrounding fields and the harvest of that year that the residents had managed to save around town. Elsewhere Empire had spread that the Thessaloniki had already fallen - so it was not enough help from anywhere. Then filopolis and philanthropist Dimitrios appeared off the island, on board a merchant whose name was Stephen and carrying wheat from Egypt to Constantinople.
"Listen to me," he said. "Raise your left Armenia and sail to Thessaloniki as fast as you can."
With these words, Saint descended from the ship at sea, walking on the water, said to Stephen:
"Prevail. Follow me. "
So it happened. On the way Stephen and found other boats laden foods and persuaded the captains to follow him. Together they came to Thessalonica and saved her from starvation.
THE BREAD IN THE FOLK TRADITION
SOUTH ITALY
A very interesting story about the history of bread is said to date in Southern Italy, in Calabria.
"Once the women made bread every day, but the bread was not nice inflated, as it is today. Only a woman, Sibyl was making the best bread but certainly not telling anyone her secret. Once Mary, pity because the other women, visited the Sibyl in her home while she Knead the bread of the day. Carefully during the conversation, took a small piece of dough and hid among the aspects of the machine. Quickly went to the other women who used it as a yeast and then all the women made a nice puffed bread.
The bread then considered a gift of Mary and nobody denies leaven to anyone, even someone who is not considered a friend. Women have always guarded their house a bit of dough from the bread of the day in case someone knocks on their door to ask. "
Even today in Calabria bread is a gift from God and no one denies it to those who ask and those women knead always keep a piece of dough to commemorate the donation.
A very interesting story about the history of bread is said to date in Southern Italy, in Calabria.
"Once the women made bread every day, but the bread was not nice inflated, as it is today. Only a woman, Sibyl was making the best bread but certainly not telling anyone her secret. Once Mary, pity because the other women, visited the Sibyl in her home while she Knead the bread of the day. Carefully during the conversation, took a small piece of dough and hid among the aspects of the machine. Quickly went to the other women who used it as a yeast and then all the women made a nice puffed bread.
The bread then considered a gift of Mary and nobody denies leaven to anyone, even someone who is not considered a friend. Women have always guarded their house a bit of dough from the bread of the day in case someone knocks on their door to ask. "
Even today in Calabria bread is a gift from God and no one denies it to those who ask and those women knead always keep a piece of dough to commemorate the donation.
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THE HISTORY OF BREAD
Bread: a commodity-object of desire by many names and uses.
The bread of the ancients and its uses
People used to make some kind of bread from the Neolithic era, mixing pieces of wheat dissolved in water. So, create a thick, solid dough can be cooked in a fire and consumed.
Bread: a commodity-object of desire by many names and uses.
The bread of the ancients and its uses
People used to make some kind of bread from the Neolithic era, mixing pieces of wheat dissolved in water. So, create a thick, solid dough can be cooked in a fire and consumed.
A millstone for shaping and straightening of the dough that has been dated to 7,500 years ago. The Bible also refers in several places bread. The Egyptians in 2600 BC, accidentally, from the manufacture and brewer's yeast, they discovered the uses of yeast in bread production. The workers are often paid with loaves of bread. The paintings in the famous pyramids of Egypt show that the dead were buried with loaves of bread to be maintained better in the afterlife. The British Museum has such a loaf chronology 4,000 years.
"Branded" breads
The Romans used to make several kinds of bread and "baptized" with characteristic names. There was the "streidopsomo" snack eaten with oysters, "artolagano" reminiscent of our own lagana, the "bread of haste," the "glykopsomo" and many others. In 168 BC established in Rome the first bakers' guild, and since the industry became independent profession. The statute forbidding bakers to themselves and their children to leave the profession and have other professional occupations. Enjoyed special privileges in the city, but should not come into contact with comedy actors or gladiators to avoid adversely affected by the habits and tastes of ordinary people.
Ancient Greece: "fight" for the best bread
The Greek seamen and merchants brought the Egyptian flour in Greece, where it flourished creating and baking bread. However, prefer white bread and among them there was a very intense competition for what produces the best bread. Athens 'proud' to Theario, the best baker's, whose name was on the writings of many authors.
"Branded" breads
The Romans used to make several kinds of bread and "baptized" with characteristic names. There was the "streidopsomo" snack eaten with oysters, "artolagano" reminiscent of our own lagana, the "bread of haste," the "glykopsomo" and many others. In 168 BC established in Rome the first bakers' guild, and since the industry became independent profession. The statute forbidding bakers to themselves and their children to leave the profession and have other professional occupations. Enjoyed special privileges in the city, but should not come into contact with comedy actors or gladiators to avoid adversely affected by the habits and tastes of ordinary people.
Ancient Greece: "fight" for the best bread
The Greek seamen and merchants brought the Egyptian flour in Greece, where it flourished creating and baking bread. However, prefer white bread and among them there was a very intense competition for what produces the best bread. Athens 'proud' to Theario, the best baker's, whose name was on the writings of many authors.
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